Alfred nobel



{No Model.)

A. NOBEL.

GAS CHECK FOR PROJEGTILBS.

No. 563.609. Patented July '7, 1896.

x to check all leakage in the projectile,

5o shut by the scr'pw d.

UNiTED STATES' FlTlCE ALFRED NOBEL, OF- PARIS, FRANCE.

GAS-CHECK FOR PROJECTILES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 563,609, dated July "l, 1896.

Application' filed July 27, 1895.

vented certain new and useful Improvements in Gas-Checks for Projectiles, of which the following is a specification, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings.

Projectiles are usually provided'with driving-rin gs of copper 0r other soft metal, which, on being squeezed in to lthe rifles of a gun, act also as gas-checks. Such provision for gaschecking has,however,been found inadequate of gas and prevent erosions in the bore of the gun which are the consequence of such leakage, The gas-check rings hereinafter described are so constructed as to operate with extreme rapidity by swellf 2o ing out said rings sufcientto prevent leakage of gas. A charge of rapid-explosive material is introduced in the gas-check orprojectile itself so as to act in expanding the gasv check. l,

In the drawings, Figure 1 is asectional view showing autarrangement whereby the aforesaid result is obtained. Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 5 I are sectional views of modifications of the gascheck.

A is the projectile; a,.a driving and gaschecking ring of copper, aluminium, brass, or other soft andiresisting metal, y

b is a groovein the ring a, but said groove may be replaced by a corresponding groove as indicated by the dotted lines b', or the projectile, as well as the ring, may be groovedf, A d c is a small outlet leading from the groove b to the rear of the projectile. Y d is a screw which partly closes the opening c, leaving in `its center the touch-hole e.

fis a small valve which may bc conical or spherical, and which shuts automatically when the pressure within the cavity of the ring exceeds'thl; pressure in the gun.

- 'lhe aforesail.

gas-check operates as follows: The grooi'le b receives a charge of very quick powder, nlhich is introduced through the opening c, which opening is then partly The powder charge aid ofV well-known Hssure as to obtain as near should be so regulfatcd by l tables of powder-pr ferial No. 557,334. (No model.)

as possible-- the pressure aimed at, which should be suicient to swell the ring a and thereby secure immediate gas-checking with- Y,ont too violent acti-on on'the bore of the gun.

A very convenient explosive for charging said groove or chamber is the one described in the patent for Great Britain of January 3l, 1888, No. 1,470. It is easily made into strings of any size and of such porosity as to act as an instantaneous fuse and secure an extremely quick explosion. By duly proportioning the thickness of said groove so as to leave sufcient air cushioning overpres'sure is avoided.- Through the inlet c said string may easily be slipped into said groove b, and if it is allowed to reach or extend beyond the touch-hole e it will catch vfire very easily when the main charge of thegun is fired. Instead of such a string someother string to the size of the quick powder may be used, but the charging is less convenientand the pressure tends to be somewhat more loclize l By firing the main charge near to the touchhole e the gas-checking action of the aforesaid ring can be still more accelerated, and to render it still' more instantaneous electric firing might be effected in the so as to re first the specialgas-checking charge herein described and let said charge fire in its turn the main charge of the gun; but experiments heretofore made have not appeared to :show the necessity of resorting' to such complication.

The small valve f is intended automatically to shut of ythecommu-nication between the main powder-chamber and the small gas` checkingvchamber whenever the pressure in the latter is in, excess. The gas thus completely confined keeps up its pressure tolerably well during the passage of the projectile through the entire length of the bore, and thus tends to act as a gas-check, not only in the rear, but throughout the whole length of the bore. Unless such prolonged gas-checking is exacted said valye can be dispensed with. Its presence necessitates making the gas-check ringvery strong in'order to prevent its bursting when the projectile leaves the gun.

As soonas the main charge ofthe gun is iired the ignition spreads inside the touchhole e and catches the charge in the groove touch-hole e, f

b, which by the strong pressure produced swells out and forms a perfect gas-check. The time it takes is extremely short and can only b e measured by its effect in preventing erosions.

Fig. 2 shows another arrangement serving the same purpose. a is the gas-check or driving-ring 5 b, the groove already described; 1; one or more powder-chambers each communicating through an openingd with' the groove b. e' is a screw closing partly the powder-chamber c. f is a touch-hole, and g the valve already described. As soon'as .the powder'charge in the chamber c.' has been iired through the touch-hole f' the gas pro duced enters through the inlet d into the groove b and swells by its pressure the ring a.

In Fig. 3 the arrangement only so far differs from what is shown in Fig. 2 as the groove b isyto be filled with Water or some viscuous or soft substance, such as soft glue or vaseline, which transmits to the ring a the pressure developed by exploded powder in the chamber or chambers c'. A small inlet q is provided for conveniently filling the groove b with the aforesaid liquid, viscuous, or soft material, and .it is then closed by a screvT or plug h. i is a small plug orparti.

. tion which theexplosion removes, but which serves the purpose of separating the powder charve from the liquid or other viscuous er soft substance contained in the groove I,

Which 'liquid or equivalent substance transe mits the pressure of the powder-gas and accelerates the swelling out of the aforesaid ring a.

- Fig. 4i shows an arrangement which somewhat differs from those heretofore described.- A is a hollow ring made to contain a powder charge of the'volumetric density needed to effect, when ignited, the'swelling out of said ring as requisite to make it act as a perfect and immediate gas-check.v Said ring should be well secured on the projectile or otherw iixed. b4 is a touch-hole, through which tin lire from the main charge is allowed to enter l into the chamber d2, and through which said chamber may also receive its powder charg Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Lettee Patent, isl 1. The projectile having.a gas-checking ring around the same with a cavity, in comf binat-ion with a charge of quiclofiring explosive material within the gas-checking ring or the projectilc,.for expanding such gas-checking ring, substantially as specified.

2. The combination with the projectile, of a gas-checking ring around the same, and explosive material in a chamber provided for it in the projectile to expand the gas-check, substantially as specified.

3. The combination with the projectile, of a gas-checlcing ring around the same, and explosive material in a chamber provided for it in the proj cctile to expand the gas-check, and a non-compressiblc liquid intervening between the rin g and the gas-pressiire resulting from the explosive, substantially as specified.z

Lit.'lneprojcetile and a gas-checking ring with a cavity in combination with a chargeof quick-ring explosive 'material in the projectilc or in the gas-checking ring, and avalve in the touch-hole that communicates with the explosivo material for closing the touch-hole when the pressure within the gas-checking ring exceeds the pressure within the gun, substantially as set forth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing tnesses.

ALFRE D NGINCL.

Nitn esses:

CARL TH. SUNDHeLM, ERNST SvANovIsT. 

